Latest peer-reviewed studies, reviews, datasets and standards on water-evaporation suppression.https://www.stopevaporation.com/en-ushttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1955-archer-rate-evaporation-fatty-acid-monolayers/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1955-archer-rate-evaporation-fatty-acid-monolayers/Measures how fatty-acid monolayers slow the evaporation of water under controlled conditions, quantifying the resistance a single molecular layer adds.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalRobert J. Archer, Victor K. La Merhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1955-mansfield-influence-monolayers-natural-rate-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1955-mansfield-influence-monolayers-natural-rate-evaporation/Reports the influence of monolayers on the natural evaporation rate of water, an early demonstration that surface films can measurably cut loss.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalW. W. Mansfieldhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1959-koberg-evaporation-control-research-1955-58/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1959-koberg-evaporation-control-research-1955-58/Early federal program that screened roughly 150 candidate compounds for retarding reservoir evaporation and found straight-chain fatty alcohols (e.g. cetyl/octadecanol) the most effective. Large-scale field tests, however, achieved only modest reductions (on the order of 20% or less) on bigger reservoirs, with wind dispersion of the film identified as the limiting factor.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalGordon E. Koberg, M.E. Ford Jr.https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1960-magin-review-literature-evaporation-suppression/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1960-magin-review-literature-evaporation-suppression/An early USGS synthesis of the published literature on evaporation suppression, documenting decades of monolayer and cover research and setting the agenda for later field work.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalG. B. Magin, L. E. Randallhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1962-harbeck-mass-transfer-reservoir-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1962-harbeck-mass-transfer-reservoir-evaporation/A foundational USGS field technique for estimating reservoir evaporation from mass-transfer theory, calibrated against the Lake Hefner water-budget studies. Still underpins aerodynamic estimates today.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTG. Earl Harbeckhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1964-koberg-evaporation-control-research-1959-60/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1964-koberg-evaporation-control-research-1959-60/Follow-on USGS study that developed glyceryl-monostearate emulsions as self-spreading dispensers for hexadecanol films and explored copper-based bacteriostatic treatment to extend film life on the water surface. Persistence and toxicity trade-offs remained barriers to durable, large-scale monolayer suppression.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalGordon E. Koberghttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1965-mer-evaporation-water-retardation-monolayers/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1965-mer-evaporation-water-retardation-monolayers/A landmark account of how monomolecular films retard evaporation of water, establishing the physical basis for chemical evaporation suppression.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalVictor K. La Mer, Thomas W. Healyhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1969-garrett-evaporation-retarded-by-monolayers/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1969-garrett-evaporation-retarded-by-monolayers/Demonstrates that the evaporation-suppression efficiency of a hexadecanol monolayer is governed primarily by the air velocity over the surface, largely independent of the underlying (uncovered) evaporation rate — a mechanistic result with direct implications for where and how chemical films can be expected to perform.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalWilliam D. Garretthttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1970-cooley-energy-relationships-floating-cover-design/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1970-cooley-energy-relationships-floating-cover-design/An early treatment of the energy relationships that govern floating-cover design for evaporation reduction, relating cover optical and thermal properties to performance.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedfloating-modularKeith R. Cooleyhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1972-lakshman-aerodynamic-formula-open-water-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1972-lakshman-aerodynamic-formula-open-water-evaporation/Proposes an aerodynamic (mass-transfer) formula to compute evaporation from open-water surfaces from routine meteorological inputs.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTG. Lakshmanhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1983-cooley-evaporation-reduction-long-term-tank-studies/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1983-cooley-evaporation-reduction-long-term-tank-studies/A classic review of multi-year U.S. tank trials of wax, foamed-wax and foamed-rubber covers, reporting a wide reduction range and durability differences that set the baseline for later floating-cover research.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularchemicalKeith R. Cooleyhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1997-condie-wind-humidity-temperature-reservoir-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/1997-condie-wind-humidity-temperature-reservoir-evaporation/Analyses how wind stress, temperature and humidity gradients control evaporation from reservoirs, clarifying the physical drivers behind open-water loss.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTScott A. Condie, Ian T. Websterhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2006-alvarez-efficiency-shading-materials-free-water/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2006-alvarez-efficiency-shading-materials-free-water/Class-A pan experiments characterising how different shading materials reduce evaporation, establishing interception of incoming solar radiation as the dominant control.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedshade-clothVíctoriano Martínez Álvarez, Alain Baille, J.M. Molina Martínez, M.M. González-Realhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2007-tanny-direct-measurement-small-reservoir-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2007-tanny-direct-measurement-small-reservoir-evaporation/Compares direct eddy-covariance measurements of evaporation from a small reservoir against common estimation methods, testing how well standard models reproduce observed open-water loss.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTJosef Tanny, S. Cohen, S. Assouline, Frank Thomas Lange, A. Grava, Diego Berger, B. Teltch, M. B. Parlangehttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2008-barnes-potential-monolayers-reduce-evaporation-storages/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2008-barnes-potential-monolayers-reduce-evaporation-storages/Reviews the potential and the practical limits of monolayers for reducing evaporation from large water storages, including wind sensitivity, spreading and persistence challenges.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalG.T Barneshttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-alvarez-shade-cloth-covers-agricultural-reservoirs-spain/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-alvarez-shade-cloth-covers-agricultural-reservoirs-spain/A two-year field assessment of black-polyethylene suspended shade-cloth covers on Spanish agricultural reservoirs, reporting large evaporation reductions alongside strong suppression of algal blooms.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedshade-clothVíctoriano Martínez Álvarez, J.F. Maestre-Valero, Bernardo Martín Górriz, Belén Gallego-Elvirahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-assouline-evaporation-partially-covered-water-surfaces/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-assouline-evaporation-partially-covered-water-surfaces/Theory and experiments showing evaporation from partially covered surfaces is nonlinear in coverage fraction, because edge effects at cover perimeters drive disproportionate loss at intermediate coverage.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularS. Assouline, Kfir Narkis, Dani Orhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-gallego-elvira-energy-balance-suspended-cover-semiarid/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2010-gallego-elvira-energy-balance-suspended-cover-semiarid/An energy-balance and mass-transfer study of a suspended double shade-cloth over an irrigation reservoir, attributing most of the ~85% evaporation reduction to a reduced vapour-pressure deficit beneath the cover.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedBelén Gallego-Elvira, Alain Baille, Bernardo Martín Górriz, J.F. Maestre-Valero, Víctoriano Martínez Álvarezhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-assouline-evaporation-suppression-partial-covers-efficiency/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-assouline-evaporation-suppression-partial-covers-efficiency/Analyses the efficiency of partial covers, showing why suppression does not scale linearly with covered area because uncovered water and edges evaporate faster.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularsuspendedS. Assouline, Kfir Narkis, Dani Orhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-maestre-valero-suspended-shade-cloth-water-quality/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-maestre-valero-suspended-shade-cloth-water-quality/Examines how a suspended shade-cloth cover changes reservoir water quality — thermal stratification, dissolved oxygen, salinity and chlorophyll-a — alongside its evaporation savings for drip irrigation.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedJ.F. Maestre-Valero, Víctoriano Martínez Álvarez, Belén Gallego-Elvira, P. Pittawayhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-mart%C3%ADnez-granados-economic-impact-evaporation-losses-segura-basin/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2011-mart%C3%ADnez-granados-economic-impact-evaporation-losses-segura-basin/Quantifies the economic impact of reservoir evaporation losses in Spain's water-scarce Segura Basin, translating lost water into monetary terms.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTmanagementDavid Martínez-Granados, J.F. Maestre-Valero, Javier Calatrava, Víctoriano Martínez Álvarezhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2012-alam-palm-fronds-shaded-cover-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2012-alam-palm-fronds-shaded-cover-evaporation/Field-tests palm fronds as a low-cost shaded cover to reduce evaporation and improve water-storage efficiency — a locally available, low-tech option for small storages.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTnaturalShamshad Alam, Abdulmohsen A. Al-Shaikhhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2013-maestre-valero-physical-chemical-microbiological-suspended-cloth/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2013-maestre-valero-physical-chemical-microbiological-suspended-cloth/Multi-parameter field study of stored irrigation water under a suspended shade-cloth cover, documenting physical, chemical and microbiological changes alongside reduced evaporation.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedJ.F. Maestre-Valero, Víctoriano Martínez Álvarez, Emilio Nicoláshttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2015-hassan-floating-modular-devices/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2015-hassan-floating-modular-devices/Field trials using low-cost recycled plastic bottles as floating modules, finding evaporation reduction scales roughly linearly with packing density at coastal and arid-zone sites.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularM. Mahmudul Hassan, William L. Peirson, Bryce M. Neyland, Nicholas McQuistan Fiddishttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2016-panjabi-monomolecular-layers-aji-reservoir/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2016-panjabi-monomolecular-layers-aji-reservoir/A field trial applying a cetyl/stearyl alcohol monolayer to the Aji Reservoir in a tropical semi-arid region of India reported a 19.26% reduction in evaporation loss over a roughly six-month season, preserving about 0.18 million m³ of water — evidence that chemical films can deliver meaningful, low-cost savings in the field, while still well below near-full-coverage physical methods.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalKishor Panjabi, Ramesh Rudra, Pradeep Goelhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2017-brink-spreading-dispersion-evaporation-suppressant-monolayer/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2017-brink-spreading-dispersion-evaporation-suppressant-monolayer/Examines how an evaporation-suppressant monolayer spreads and disperses on open water, a key control on whether a film stays intact long enough to be effective.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalGavin Brink, Andrew P. Wandel, Nigel Hancock, Selvan Patherhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2017-friedrich-reservoir-evaporation-western-us/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2017-friedrich-reservoir-evaporation-western-us/A community review of the state of reservoir-evaporation science in the western United States — measurement methods, knowledge gaps and priorities for improving estimates in a water-stressed region.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTKatja Friedrich, Robert L. Grossman, Justin Huntington, Peter D. Blanken, John D. Lenters, Kathleen D. Holman, David Gochis, Ben Livneh, James Prairie, Erik Skeiehttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-aminzadeh-energy-balance-self-assembling-floating-elements/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-aminzadeh-energy-balance-self-assembling-floating-elements/A physically based energy-balance model of reservoirs covered with self-assembling floating elements, showing how covers redirect intercepted radiation into sensible and longwave fluxes and raise the Bowen ratio to suppress evaporation.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularMilad Aminzadeh, Peter Lehmann, Dani Orhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-haghighi-water-footprint-shade-balls-california/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-haghighi-water-footprint-shade-balls-california/Assesses the water footprint of the Los Angeles shade-ball deployment, finding the water used to manufacture the balls is large enough that they must remain in place for years before net water savings are realised.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularErfan Haghighi, Kaveh Madani, Arjen Y. Hoekstrahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-sagga%C3%AF-monolayers-arid-lands-algeria/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2018-sagga%C3%AF-monolayers-arid-lands-algeria/A field study of monolayer evaporation reduction on reservoirs in arid Algeria, reporting real-world performance and the gap between laboratory and open-air results.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalSofiane Saggaï, Oum Elkheir Bachihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-han-counterweighted-spheres-plain-reservoir-arid/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-han-counterweighted-spheres-plain-reservoir-arid/A field and energy-balance study of counterweighted HDPE spheres on an arid Chinese reservoir, reporting substantial water savings with lighter-coloured spheres outperforming darker ones.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularKe-Wu Han, Kebin Shi, Xinjun Yan, Yang-Yu Chenghttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-lehmann-floating-covers-laboratory-cover-types/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-lehmann-floating-covers-laboratory-cover-types/Laboratory studies of evaporation suppression by floating covers of different types and coverage fractions, linking cover properties and the surface energy balance to suppression efficiency.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularsuspendedgeomembranePeter Lehmann, Milad Aminzadeh, Dani Orhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-youssef-review-evaporation-reduction-methods-water-surfaces/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-youssef-review-evaporation-reduction-methods-water-surfaces/A concise review of the main methods for reducing evaporation from water surfaces — physical covers, chemical monolayers and shading — with their relative strengths and limitations.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalfloating-modulargeomembraneshade-clothYara Waheeb Youssef, A. G. Khodzinskayahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-zhao-remote-sensing-us-reservoir-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2019-zhao-remote-sensing-us-reservoir-evaporation/Fuses satellite remote sensing with modelling to estimate evaporation losses across United States reservoirs, quantifying how much stored water is lost to the atmosphere at national scale.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTGang Zhao, Huilin Gaohttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-althoff-climate-change-evaporation-small-reservoirs/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-althoff-climate-change-evaporation-small-reservoirs/Projects how climate change affects evaporation from, and water availability in, small reservoirs, showing rising losses under warming scenarios.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTmanagementDaniel Althoff, Lineu Neiva Rodrigues, Demétrius David da Silvahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-deepika-suppressing-evaporation-surface-reservoirs-review/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-deepika-suppressing-evaporation-surface-reservoirs-review/A review of biological, chemical and mechanical evaporation-suppression strategies for surface reservoirs, comparing reported effectiveness ranges across cover and shading approaches.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularchemicalfloating-solarS. Deepika, M. Osman, Manoranjan Kumar, Hamsa Sandeephttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-han-counterweighted-spheres-energy-balance-arid/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-han-counterweighted-spheres-energy-balance-arid/Year-round monitoring of a sphere-covered agricultural reservoir in arid China, showing counterweighted spheres hold position under wind and produce a measurable shift in the surface energy balance.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularKe-Wu Han, Kebin Shi, Xinjun Yanhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-rezazadeh-floating-balls-density-evaporation-suppression/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-rezazadeh-floating-balls-density-evaporation-suppression/Investigates how the packing density of floating balls affects evaporation suppression from reservoirs, identifying how coverage fraction maps to performance.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularAmir Rezazadeh, Pooria Akbarzadeh, Milad Aminzadehhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-scavo-evaporation-rate-models-floating-photovoltaic/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2020-scavo-evaporation-rate-models-floating-photovoltaic/Assesses evaporation-rate models for a water basin partly covered by floating photovoltaic panels, estimating how much evaporation an FPV array suppresses alongside generating power.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarFausto Bontempo Scavo, Giuseppe Marco Tina, Antonio Gagliano, Sandro Nižetićhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdallah-critical-evaluation-evaporation-barriers-review/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdallah-critical-evaluation-evaporation-barriers-review/A comprehensive review of evaporation barriers through an environmental and economic lens, comparing suspended, floating and chemical covers and flagging the embodied water cost of plastic covers as an under-studied lifecycle risk.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modulargeomembranesuspendedchemicalAhmed M. Abdallah, C.M. Parihar, Sridhar Patra, Hari Sankar Nayak, Yashpal Saharawat, Upendra Singh, M.D. Parihar, Suresh K. Kakraliya, I. N. Nassar, Francesca Ugolinihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdelal-floating-pv-water-quality-evaporation-semi-arid/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdelal-floating-pv-water-quality-evaporation-semi-arid/Assesses both water-quality effects and evaporation reduction from floating photovoltaics in semi-arid conditions, where evaporative loss is highest.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarQasem Abdelalhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdelhamid-reservoir-management-floating-photovoltaic-evaporation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-abdelhamid-reservoir-management-floating-photovoltaic-evaporation/A case study modelling how a floating photovoltaic system reduces reservoir evaporation as part of integrated water-resource management.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarHany F. Abd‐Elhamid, Ashraf Ahmed, Martina Zeleňáková, Zuzana Vranayová, Ismail Fathyhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-assouline-floating-lattice-structures/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-assouline-floating-lattice-structures/Tests open lattice-like floating structures that permit light and oxygen transfer while still cutting evaporation, reporting suppression comparable to far higher opaque coverage — a route to ecologically compatible covers.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedfloating-modularS. Assouline, Kfir Narkishttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-ghazvinian-affordable-physical-covers-agricultural-reservoirs/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-ghazvinian-affordable-physical-covers-agricultural-reservoirs/Field and statistical study of low-cost polypropylene-based physical covers on agricultural pools in Iran, with optimisation methods applied to cover design.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularHamidreza Ghazvinian, Hojat Karami, Saeed Farzin, Sayed‐Farhad Mousavihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-mady-evaporation-suppression-small-reservoirs-floating-covers-field/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-mady-evaporation-suppression-small-reservoirs-floating-covers-field/A field study and model of evaporation suppression from small reservoirs using floating covers, reporting realistic field reductions and the influence of partial coverage and wind.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularBassem Mady, Peter Lehmann, Dani Orhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-mart%C3%ADnez-espinosa-controversy-shade-covers-water-reservoirs/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-mart%C3%ADnez-espinosa-controversy-shade-covers-water-reservoirs/A critical review of the controversy around using shade balls and shade covers on drinking-water reservoirs, weighing evaporation and disinfection-byproduct benefits against ecological and chemical concerns.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularRosa María Martínez-Espinosahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-shalaby-continuous-modular-floating-covers-algae/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-shalaby-continuous-modular-floating-covers-algae/Compares continuous and modular floating covers for both evaporation loss and microalgal growth, connecting evaporation control with water-quality effects.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modulargeomembraneMaram M. Shalaby, I. N. Nassar, Ahmed M. Abdallahhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-shalaby-various-floating-covers-water-ecology/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2021-shalaby-various-floating-covers-water-ecology/Outdoor pan experiments comparing floating balls, sheets and other covers across contrasting Egyptian climates, weighing evaporation suppression against ecological effects to guide cover selection for multi-purpose reservoirs.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modulargeomembraneMaram M. Shalaby, I. N. Nassar, Ahmed M. Abdallahhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2022-bakhtiar-floating-covers-reservoir-water-quality-effects/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2022-bakhtiar-floating-covers-reservoir-water-quality-effects/Measures how floating covers used for evaporation suppression affect a reservoir's physical, chemical and biological water quality — the trade-offs that come with sealing a surface.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularMahsa Bakhtiar, Milad Aminzadeh, Masoud Taheriyoun, Dani Or, Emad Mashayekhhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2022-tian-global-reservoir-evaporation-losses/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2022-tian-global-reservoir-evaporation-losses/Estimates evaporation losses from reservoirs at global scale, putting a number on how much of the world's stored surface water is returned to the atmosphere each year.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTWei Tian, Xiaomang Liu, Kaiwen Wang, Peng Bai, Changming Liu, Xijin Lianghttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-han-estimating-evaporation-under-floating-coverage/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-han-estimating-evaporation-under-floating-coverage/Develops and validates an improved model for estimating evaporation under floating ball coverage, showing that standard open-water equations overestimate losses once a floating layer is present.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularKe-Wu Han, Kebin Shi, Xinjun Yan, Fei Ling, Guo-chen Hao, Qian-Ran Qinhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-ilgen-dataset-floating-photovoltaic-evaporation-energy/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-ilgen-dataset-floating-photovoltaic-evaporation-energy/An open supplementary dataset supporting analysis of evaporation reduction and energy-generation potential of floating photovoltaic plants — reusable data for researchers.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarKonstantin Ilgenhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-karimzadeh-monolayer-efficiency-meteorological-conditions/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-karimzadeh-monolayer-efficiency-meteorological-conditions/Assesses monolayer evaporation-suppression efficiency under varying meteorological conditions, showing how wind and temperature degrade performance.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTchemicalMehrdad Karimzadeh, Javad Zahiri, Valiollah Nobakhthttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-lens-geomembranes-storage-potable-water/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-lens-geomembranes-storage-potable-water/An engineering review of floating geomembrane covers for potable-water storage, describing evaporation control, disinfection-byproduct suppression and cost/footprint comparisons with rigid alternatives.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTgeomembraneJ.P. Lens, Lance Reed, Ray Peebleshttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-pittaway-evaporative-loss-environmental-impact-covers-review/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2023-pittaway-evaporative-loss-environmental-impact-covers-review/Reviews commercial evaporation-reduction products, noting that modular floating covers need high coverage to reach meaningful suppression and that span loading limits continuous covers to small storages.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modulargeomembranesuspendedchemicalP. Pittaway, Michael Scobie, Erik Schmidthttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-aminzadeh-evaporation-loss-small-agricultural-reservoirs-warming/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-aminzadeh-evaporation-loss-small-agricultural-reservoirs-warming/Argues that evaporation loss from small agricultural reservoirs is an overlooked and growing problem in a warming climate, and reviews mitigation options.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularmanagementMilad Aminzadeh, Noemi Friedrich, Sankeerth Narayanaswamy, Kaveh Madani, Nima Shokrihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-chapman-cost-effectiveness-evaporation-suppression-strategies/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-chapman-cost-effectiveness-evaporation-suppression-strategies/Compares the cost-effectiveness of monolayers, shade cloth and floating covers using a 20-year unit-reference-value approach, contrasting cheap-but-wind-vulnerable monolayers with more durable but costlier covers.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTmanagementchemicalfloating-modularR. S. Chapman, D Svendsen, Jan de Waalhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-ilgen-evaporation-reduction-energy-floating-photovoltaic/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-ilgen-evaporation-reduction-energy-floating-photovoltaic/Estimates the combined evaporation-reduction and energy-generation potential of floating photovoltaic plants, a recent quantification of the dual benefit.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarKonstantin Ilgen, Dirk Schindler, Alfons Armbruster, Robert Ladwig, Irene Eppinger Ruiz de Zarate, Jens Langehttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-min-sustainable-technology-reducing-reservoir-evaporation-tropical/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-min-sustainable-technology-reducing-reservoir-evaporation-tropical/Pan experiments in a tropical climate testing non-woven geotextile and polypropylene sheet at partial coverage, supporting feasibility of low-cost covers for tropical reservoirs.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTgeomembranesuspendedTeh Hee Min, K. Gunasekaran Dr. K. Gunasekaran, Purwanti Sri Pudyastutihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-zeadeh-shading-colours-intensities-evaporation-quality/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2024-zeadeh-shading-colours-intensities-evaporation-quality/Tests how shade colour and shading intensity affect evaporation and water quality, finding darker covers at high shading intensity give the greatest suppression while keeping water within irrigation standards.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedshade-clothDoha Zeadeh, Ammar A. Albalasmeh, Osama Mohawesh, Koichi Unamihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-aminzadeh-water-storage-paradox-evaporation-mena/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-aminzadeh-water-storage-paradox-evaporation-mena/Describes a water-storage paradox in the MENA region: expanding reservoir surface area to store more water also increases evaporative losses, sometimes offsetting the gain.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTmanagementMilad Aminzadeh, Sankeerth Narayanaswamy, Hannes Nevermann, Matteo Zampieri, Ibrahim Hoteit, Paolo D’Odorico, Amir AghaKouchak, Kaveh Madani, Nima Shokrihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-hao-artificial-aeration-floating-balls-cover/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-hao-artificial-aeration-floating-balls-cover/Examines how artificial aeration interacts with a floating-ball cover to inhibit evaporation, a recent look at combining mixing with surface coverage.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularGuo-chen Hao, Kebin Shi, Ke-Wu Hanhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-hao-floating-spheres-evaporation-salinity-control/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-hao-floating-spheres-evaporation-salinity-control/Field study of floating spheres on a reservoir, reporting simultaneous evaporation suppression and reduced salinity build-up — a dual co-benefit under arid conditions.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularGuo-chen Hao, Kebin Shi, Ke-wu Hanhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-jajarm-cover-geometry-partially-covered-reservoirs/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-jajarm-cover-geometry-partially-covered-reservoirs/Investigates how the geometry of openings in a partial cover controls residual evaporation at fixed coverage, finding circular openings more efficient than rectangular ones and proposing a regression model bridging lab and field.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularMohammad Javad Rezaei Jajarm, Pooria Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Mohsen Shahmardan, Milad Aminzadeh, Amir Rezazadehhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-kacimov-ephemeral-reservoirs-of-low-head-wadi-dams-drained/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-kacimov-ephemeral-reservoirs-of-low-head-wadi-dams-drained/A field study published in Advances in Water Resources (2025) on ephemeral key and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTA. R. Kacimovhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-rezazadeh-novel-method-assessing-evaporation-floating-covers/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2025-rezazadeh-novel-method-assessing-evaporation-floating-covers/Proposes an integrated framework that combines floating-cover fraction, surface flow and wind to predict net evaporation suppression in small water bodies.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularAmir Rezazadeh, Pooria Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Mohsen Shahmardan, Milad Aminzadehhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-abdullah-applications-of-machine-learning-in-enhancing-evaporation-estimation/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-abdullah-applications-of-machine-learning-in-enhancing-evaporation-estimation/A modeling study published in Modeling Earth Systems and Environment (2026) on evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTSyed Muhammad Fahad Abdullah, Chu‐Lin Cheng, Jude A. Benavides, Jungseok Ho, R. P. Almeidahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-achite-a-novel-hybrid-emd-rf-lstm-model-with/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-achite-a-novel-hybrid-emd-rf-lstm-model-with/A modeling study published in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C (2026) on selection (genetic algorithm) and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTM. Achite, B. Farokhzadeh, O. Bazrafshan, S. Choobeh, T. Caloierohttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-duan-hexagonal-diamond-floating-cover-water-saving/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-duan-hexagonal-diamond-floating-cover-water-saving/Experimentally investigates water-saving efficiency of hexagonal, diamond-shaped floating cover elements, comparing geometries for evaporation reduction.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularZongLe Duan, KeBin Shi, KeWu Han, Tayi Abudulahttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-han-combined-evaporation-estimation-model-of-upper-and-lower/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-han-combined-evaporation-estimation-model-of-upper-and-lower/A modeling study published in Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies (2026) on arid and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-modularKe-Wu Han, Xian Cheng, Fei He, Kebin Shi, Xinjun Yan, Hai-Bo Jianghttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-liu-increased-surface-water-evaporation-loss-induced-by-reservoir/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-liu-increased-surface-water-evaporation-loss-induced-by-reservoir/A field study published in Hydrology and earth system sciences (2026) on evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTYao Liu, Xianhong Xie, Yibing Wang, Arken Tursun, Dawei Peng, Xinran Wu, Baolin Xuehttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-mcquillan-improving-the-spatial-representation-of-reservoir-evaporation-using/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-mcquillan-improving-the-spatial-representation-of-reservoir-evaporation-using/A field study published in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2026) on mesoscale meteorology and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTKatie A. McQuillan, George H. Allen, Christopher Pearson, Kathleen D. Holman, Justin Huntington, Anshul Yadav, Huilin Gaohttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-sedki-dual-water-energy-potential-of-floating-photovoltaics-in/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-sedki-dual-water-energy-potential-of-floating-photovoltaics-in/A modeling study published in Materials research proceedings (2026) on environmental science and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarSalma SEDKIhttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-shukla-performance-evaluation-and-water-evaporation-mitigation-of-a/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-shukla-performance-evaluation-and-water-evaporation-mitigation-of-a/A field study published in Results in Engineering (2026) on environmental science and evaporation from open water. See the source for full details.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfloating-solarAradhana Shukla, Satish Kumar Yadav, Deepak Yadav, Nikita Singh, Jyotsna Singh, Rajendra Bahadur Singh, S M Mozammil Hasnain, Akanksha Mrinalihttps://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-wang-evaporation-agricultural-ponds-shade-net-dalton/https://www.stopevaporation.com/research/2026-wang-evaporation-agricultural-ponds-shade-net-dalton/Field evaluation of a 50% shade-net cover on agricultural ponds with an integrated Dalton-based cover-factor model, reporting moderate evaporation suppression and a well-calibrated predictive fit.Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsuspendedshade-clothWendi Wang, Francesco Bettella, Vincenzo D’Agostino, Paolo Tarolli